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      露从今夜白,月是故乡明的意思
      发布日期:2020-04-15
        从今夜就进入了白露节气,月亮还是故乡的最明亮。

        赏析二

        《月夜忆舍弟》,是唐代伟大诗人杜甫创作的一首五言律诗。这首诗从诗人在安史之乱中饱受颠沛流离之苦,想到百姓之苦,体现出了作者的怀家愁和忧国难之情。

        这首《月夜忆舍弟》是759年(乾元二年)秋杜甫在秦州所作。这年九月,安史之乱爆发,安禄山、史思明从范阳引兵南下,攻陷汴州,西进洛阳,山东、河南都处于战乱之中。当时,杜甫的几个弟弟正分散在这一带,由于战事阻隔,音信不通,在一个月夜的晚上,触景生情,引起杜甫强烈的忧虑和思念,于是,就写下这首流传至今的诗歌。 “舍弟”即对他人称呼自己的弟弟。全诗

        戌鼓断人行,秋边一雁声。

        露从今夜白,月是故乡明。

        有弟皆分散,无家问死生。

        寄书长不达,况乃未休兵。

        诗歌的首联句渲染了浓重悲凉的气氛,也暗示了社会背景。诗人写道:“戌鼓断人行,秋边一雁声。”“戍鼓”即军鼓。“断人行”指鼓声响起后,就开始宵禁(禁止夜间的活动)。“秋边”即秋天的边地,或者说边塞的秋天。首联的意思是说,戍楼上的更鼓声隔断了人们的来往,边塞的秋天里,一只孤雁在鸣叫。诗人不从标题中的“月夜”写起,而是首先描绘了一幅边塞秋天的图景,以此突出了当时的社会环境,为月夜“忆”奠定了基础。其中,“断人行”点明社会环境,说明战事频仍、战斗激烈,道路为之阻隔,不能通行。特别是“秋边一雁声”中的“一”字,不但表明天边孤雁的叫声的凄厉,而且反衬出诗人处境孤单,心寒清冷之感。

        接着承上而来,诗人写道:“露从今夜白,月是故乡明。”“露从今夜白”指白露节的夜晚。意思是说,从今夜就进入了白露节气,感觉月亮还是故乡的最明亮。这里既写景,也点明时令。上句“露从今夜白”中“露”和“白”不但形象而含蓄地营造了凄寒的氛围,而且也表明了在这样的环境中令人心生思乡的寒意。接着下句“月是故乡明”,也是写景,视角直接进入到故乡及其故乡之月。这里,不但空间发生了变化,而且“故乡”表明了思乡之感。由此不能不想到李白的《静夜思》:“床前明月光,疑是地上霜。举头望明月,低头思故乡。”对于游子来说,望月怀远,怀远生情,生情就感伤。可以说,这一联在律诗中属于景联,但诗人融情入景,景语情语,所以,诗人在月中明融入了自己的主观感情,突出了对故乡的感怀。

        月光常会引人遐想,更容易勾起思乡之念。所以,接着颈联一转,进入抒情。诗由望月转入抒情。诗人写道:“有弟皆分散,无家问死生。”意思是说,弟兄分散,家园无存,互相间都无从得知死生的消息。诗人及其人民都遭逢离乱,漂泊四方,生死不明,恰逢这清冷的月夜,触景生情,感叹世事,自然更是别有一番滋味在心头。上句“有弟皆分散”也许说的是身处乱世的人们,避免不了弟兄离散,天各一方,而下句“无家问死生”就是说漂泊他乡。天各一方后家已不存,生死难卜。这里,诗人不但自己“忆”舍弟,更主要地推己及人,表现出“穷年忧黎元,叹息肠内热”的情怀。

        尾联紧承“有弟皆分散,无家问死生”两句而来,进一步表现了诗人月夜思念舍弟的情感。诗人写道:“寄书长不达,况乃未休兵。”“长”即一直,老是。“达”即到。“况乃”即何况是。“未休兵”指战争还没有结束。意思是说,有兄弟却都分散了,没有家无法探问生死,寄往洛阳城的家书常常不能送到,何况战乱频繁没有停止。这里,诗人不但含蓄地表达了对舍弟的思念,也感受到诗人内心的痛苦及其对战争的厌恶之情。这样的思想在杜甫的《春望》中表现得极为明显,诗人写道:“烽火连三月,家书抵万金。”一封家书抵过万金,突出了战乱时的音信难得,人们经受着思念亲人的痛苦的煎熬。这里,“长不达”就表现了诗人杜甫漂泊他乡而难以回家,以及对亲人的思念与无奈。

        在艺术上,首先,全诗层次井然,首尾照应,结构严谨。其次,视觉听觉描写的结合,提高诗歌的审美境界。再次,语言质朴,但含意厚重,极富感染力。

        译文

        戍楼上的更鼓声隔断了人们的来往,边塞的秋天里,一只孤雁在鸣叫。从今夜就进入了白露节气,月亮还是故乡的最明亮。有兄弟却都分散了,没有家无法探问生死。寄往洛阳城的家书常常不能送到,何况战乱频繁没有停止。



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      150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
      1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.002108s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
      2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000839s ]
      3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000500s ]
      4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000587s ]
      5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000362s ]
      6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000547s ]
      7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
      8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000496s ]
      9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000459s ]
      10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000526s ]
      11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000472s ]
      12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000497s ]
      13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000521s ]
      14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000261s ]
      15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000833s ]
      16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6681 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000464s ]
      17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000579s ]
      18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000488s ]
      19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 234 WHERE `id` = 6681 [ RunTime:0.003389s ]
      20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000518s ]
      21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000400s ]
      0.146386s